When you think of cities, images of skyscrapers, bustling streets, and maybe that annoyingly persistent pigeon come to mind. But what if I told you that some of the most fascinating cities are hiding right beneath your feet? Yes, underground cities exist, and they are packed with history, mystery, and maybe even a few urban legends to keep things interesting!
Whether you are an adventure-seeker or someone who is tired of the same old tourist traps, exploring underground cities could be the perfect solution. So, grab your flashlight and your sense of adventure as we delve into the 10 most iconic underground cities you absolutely must explore!
1. Derinkuyu, Türkiye
Let’s kick off our journey in Türkiye, where you will find Derinkuyu, the largest underground city in the world. Spanning 60 meters deep and accommodating up to 20,000 people, it is like a subterranean Manhattan! This ancient marvel dates back to the 8th century BC and was primarily used as a refuge during invasions.
Historical Context: Derinkuyu was initially used by the Phrygians and later expanded by Christians fleeing Roman persecution. The soft volcanic rock made it easy to carve out tunnels and chambers, creating an extensive network that included rooms for sleeping, cooking, and even storage.
Fun Fact: Legend has it that Derinkuyu was also home to a series of secret tunnels leading to other cities. If you are ever lost down there, just remember – do not take the wrong turn or you might end up in Cappadocia with no Wi-Fi!
Unique Features:
- Ventilation System: The city features an advanced ventilation system with tunnels that allow fresh air to circulate, crucial for its residents during sieges.
- Defense Mechanisms: Massive stone doors could be rolled into place to seal off entrances, effectively blocking invaders.
Must-See: Be sure to check out the wine presses and chapels carved into the rock!
2. Montreal’s RESO, Canada
Next, let’s head to Montreal, where you can explore the RESO, also known as the La Ville Souterraine (the Underground City). This extensive network of underground complexes is about 33 km (20 miles) long and connects shopping centers, hotels, and metro stations. Perfect for when the Canadian winter makes you question your life choices!
Historical Significance: The RESO began construction in the 1960s and has since grown to include over 1,600 boutiques and 200 restaurants. It is designed to allow people to move around the city without breathing the cold, making it a beloved feature of Montreal life.
Interactive Element: Try out your map-reading skills in the RESO! It’s like a treasure hunt where the prize is a warm cup of coffee and a stylish winter coat (which you will definitely need).
Unique Features:
- Art Installations: The RESO is home to public art installations and murals, providing a unique cultural experience as you explore.
- Festival Space: During the summer, some parts of the RESO host street festivals and cultural events, making it a vibrant social hub.
3. Catacombs of Paris, France
Now, who does not love a little mystery mixed with their history? The Catacombs of Paris are both a tourist attraction and an underground ossuary holding the remains of over 6 million people. Walking through the dimly lit tunnels adorned with skulls and bones is both eerie and awe-inspiring.
Historical Significance: The Catacombs were created in the late 18th century due to overcrowded cemeteries, particularly the infamous Les Innocents cemetery. The bones were transferred underground, creating a macabre yet fascinating ossuary that remains a popular attraction today.
Fun Fact: The phrase “Stop! This is the Empire of the Dead” greets visitors at the entrance, setting the tone for what lies ahead!
Unique Features:
- Bone Arrangements: The bones are arranged in artistic patterns, creating a hauntingly beautiful display of human history.
- Chapel of the Catacombs: Within the Catacombs lies a small chapel, used for memorial services.
Must-See: Be sure to look for the inscriptions on the walls, which offer a poetic glimpse into the philosophies of life and death.
4. Puerto Princesa Subterranean River, Philippines
If you are looking for a city that combines stunning natural beauty with underground exploration, look no further than the Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park. This UNESCO World Heritage site features a 24-kilometer-long underground river that flows directly into the sea. You can take a guided boat tour and marvel at stunning limestone formations and unique wildlife.
Biodiversity: The park is home to a rich variety of flora and fauna, some of which are found nowhere else on Earth. Keep your eyes peeled for endemic species such as the Palawan peacock-pheasant and various bats that call the caves home.
Fun Fact: This river is one of the longest navigable underground rivers in the world, so you can show off to your friends by casually mentioning it during your next dinner party!
Unique Features:
- Stalactites and Stalagmites: The cave formations within the river system are awe-inspiring, making it a photographer’s dream.
- Wildlife Encounters: Be on the lookout for monitor lizards and various bird species that inhabit the area.
Must-See: Do not miss the chance to see the “Cathedral Cave” – known for its high ceilings and impressive rock formations.
5. Cappadocia, Türkiye
Returning to Türkiye, we cannot forget about Cappadocia, famous for its fairy chimneys and hot air balloon rides. But did you know it also boasts underground cities? The region is dotted with ancient subterranean complexes, including Kaymaklı and Derinkuyu.
Historical Significance: These cities were used as hideouts during times of conflict and could shelter thousands. Imagine inviting your friends over for a movie night and realizing you have an entire underground city at your disposal!
Fun Fact: Cappadocia’s soft volcanic rock makes it relatively easy to carve out these subterranean dwellings. It is like nature’s gift to homebuilders!
Unique Features:
- Complex Tunnels: The cities feature an elaborate network of tunnels and rooms for living, cooking, and worship.
- Historical Churches: Many underground churches are adorned with frescoes, showcasing early Christian art.
Must-See: Explore the extensive network in Kaymaklı, where you can visit the stables, storage rooms, and wineries.
6. Beijing Underground City, China
Venturing over to Beijing, you will stumble upon the Beijing Underground City. Constructed during the Cold War, this extensive underground network was intended as a shelter against nuclear attacks. Today, it remains a fascinating historical site where you can learn about China’s history during a time of tension.
Historical Context: Built in the 1970s, this underground city includes air-raid shelters, tunnels, and shops, providing a glimpse into life during a period of uncertainty.
Fun Fact: Despite its dark origins, the underground city is often described as a ‘bizarre time capsule’ of Chinese culture from the 1960s and 70s.
Unique Features:
- Survival Rooms: The city contains various survival rooms equipped with essentials for extended stays underground.
- Mysterious Atmosphere: The underground city has an eerie vibe that feels like stepping into a Cold War movie.
Must-See: Visit the exhibit on the history of the city and how the residents prepared for potential disasters.
7. Underground City of Naours, France
Moving on to France again, we find the Underground City of Naours. This city was carved out of limestone in the 19th century and features over 300 rooms, chapels, and even a small hospital. It served as a refuge during wartime, giving locals a safe haven from the dangers above.
Cultural Significance: Naours was an important site during the Hundred Years’ War and World War I. The city is now a museum, showcasing its rich history and the artifacts left behind by its residents.
Fun Fact: Visitors can see engravings left by soldiers and travelers, telling stories from centuries past.
Unique Features:
- Underground Chapel: The chapel features beautiful frescoes and serves as a reminder of the faith that sustained people during difficult times.
- Historical Exhibits: Various artifacts from both the medieval and World War I eras can be found throughout the city.
Must-See: Do not miss the opportunity to explore the chapel, where you can still feel the history emanating from the walls.
8. Setenil de las Bodegas, Spain
Let’s not forget about Setenil de las Bodegas, a town in Spain that is famous for its unique architecture, with homes built directly into large rock overhangs. While not a traditional underground city, it gives off serious underground vibes.
Architectural Wonders: Setenil is a perfect example of how people adapted their living spaces to the environment, using natural rock formations for protection and shelter.
Culinary Delights: Setenil is known for its delicious tapas bars, where you can indulge in local cuisine. Savoring a plate of jamón while sitting beneath a rock formation makes for a memorable dining experience!
Fun Fact: The town’s unique design creates a natural air conditioning effect, keeping the homes cool in the hot Spanish summer.
Must-See: Explore the narrow streets and sample local delicacies at the many tapas bars.
9. Coober Pedy, Australia
Next, we are heading down under to Coober Pedy, famously known as the “opal capital of the world.” Many residents live underground to escape the sweltering heat of the Australian Outback, making it one of the most unique underground cities on the planet.
Living Underground: Most homes in Coober Pedy are dug into the earth, keeping temperatures cool even during the hottest days. This means you can enjoy a cozy living room without breaking a sweat!
Fun Fact: Coober Pedy has a population of around 1,700, and about half of them live underground! Talk about a close-knit community!
Unique Features:
- Underground Churches: The town is home to several underground churches, the most famous being the Serbian Orthodox Church, beautifully carved from the rock.
- Opal Mines: Visitors can tour old opal mines and learn about the mining process, making it a fun adventure for everyone!
Must-See: Be sure to check out the opal museum and the underground golf course!
10. Wellington Underground Market, New Zealand
Last but not least, we have the Wellington Underground Market in New Zealand. While it may not be a city in the traditional sense, this vibrant market offers a unique underground experience in the heart of Wellington.
Community Vibe: Every Sunday, locals and tourists alike gather to browse stalls featuring local crafts, food, and art. It is a fantastic way to experience the local culture while enjoying the cool underground atmosphere.
Fun Fact: The market is housed in an old carpark, so you can feel good about shopping sustainably while enjoying a quirky shopping experience.
Unique Features:
- Local Artisans: You’ll find handmade goods from local artisans, perfect for picking up unique souvenirs.
- Delicious Food: Sample a variety of foods, from gourmet burgers to artisanal chocolates, while you browse.
Must-See: Do not miss the live music and entertainment often featured at the market, making it a fun spot to relax and enjoy the local scene.
Conclusion: Explore the Hidden Depths of the World
There you have it – ten iconic underground cities waiting to be explored! Each location offers a unique glimpse into history, culture, and adventure that you will not find above ground.
So, the next time you are searching for a travel experience that is a little off the beaten path, consider heading underground. You will not only escape the crowds but also dive into fascinating stories and cultures that are waiting to be uncovered.
Grab your gear, and let the underground adventures begin!
Have you explored any underground cities? Share your experiences in the comments below, or tag us in your underground adventures on social media! Let’s keep the exploration going!